Variance, Standard Deviation, and Spread
A deeper guide to variance, standard deviation, range, and z-scores, with a focus on what spread means, why squared deviations appear, and how to interpret unusually high or low values.
Enter or paste your values to calculate variance with straightforward statistical output.
Inputs
This topic also has a deeper guide and a printable reference pack, so you can move from the live answer into the method, assumptions, and worked examples without leaving the topic cluster.
A fuller printable guide to descriptive statistics, centre measures, spread measures, and interpretation habits that help prevent misleading summaries.
A stronger spread reference sheet for variance, standard deviation, range, and z-scores, with interpretation guidance.
These are the main values the calculator uses. Keep the units consistent and, where relevant, match the assumptions explained in the related guide.
Choose the option that matches the setup you want to analyse.
Use this page when you need a quick variance result from a dataset, probability setup, or interpolation problem.
The result depends entirely on the values and assumptions you enter, so check the dataset carefully before drawing conclusions from the output.
Use the Mode Calculator to calculate mode from your own dataset with practical output and sensible validation.
Use the Range Calculator to calculate range from your own dataset with practical output and sensible validation.
Measure how widely a dataset spreads around its average by calculating the standard deviation.
Calculate how far a value sits from the dataset mean in standard-deviation units.